Abrasive blasting, more commonly known as sandblasting, is the operation of forcibly propelling a stream of abrasive material against a surface under high pressure to smooth a rough surface, roughen a smooth surface, shape a surface or remove surface contaminants.

A pressurised fluid, typically compressed air, or a centrifugal wheel is used to propel the blasting material (often called the media).

There are several variants of the process, using various media; some are highly abrasive, whereas others are milder.

The most abrasive are shot blasting (with metal shot) and sandblasting (with sand).

Moderately abrasive variants include glass bead blasting (with glass beads) and media blasting with ground-up plastic stock or walnut shells and corncobs.

A mild version is sodablasting (with baking soda). In addition, there are alternatives that are barely abrasive or nonabrasive, such as ice blasting and dry-ice blasting.